Male anoles are larger than females. They have a longer jaw line, larger head, and do have the hemipenes that is visible at the vent. Both have a dewlap, but the male's is larger and he will show it much more often than the female.
Housing
Anoles are best kept singly or in groups. Generally, males should be kept singly or in the company of two or more females. To prevent territorial fighting, never house two males in the same enclosure.
Minimum tank size for a group of two adult anoles would be a tall 10 gallon tank. Three or four (one male and up to three females) anoles may be kept in a 20 gallon tall aquarium (48" x 13" x 20").
For substrate you can use sterile peat moss potting soil over 1 inch of pea gravel, OR 1-2 inches of potting soil covered with bark mulch. You can also add several non-toxic potted plants.
Several branches should be laterally placed under a basking light on one side of the tank.
There should be one hiding spot for every lizard in the tank. You can use commercial reptile hideboxes or make your own.
In the wild, anoles lap off leaves. In captivity, you will need to spray the leaves for them. Some anoles do learn to drink from bowls: set up a dripper bottle to drip water into a shallow bowl. It is the sight and sound of dripping, splashing water which attracts their attention.
Temperatures
The enclosure needs a warm end and a cool end, allowing the lizard to regulate its body temperature. The temperature gradient during the day should range from 76 F (24 C) on the cool side to 82 F (30 C) on the warm side. A reptile heat lamp should be used to provide a basking area with temperatures ranging from 85-90 F (32-37.7 C).
Night time temperatures should drop no lower than the low to mid 70s (21 C) on the cool side of the tank.
You should have several thermometers throughout the enclosure to monitor temperatures.
Never use heat rocks, they do not provide the overhead warmth that anoles need and can cause devastating thermal burns.
The ambient enclosure humidity should be maintained around 60-70%. Spray plants with water a couple times a day, or set up a dripper or mister system.
LIGHTING
Full Spectrum Lighting should be provided 9-10 hours every day. The fixture has to be placed within 12 inces of the animal and the light must not be filtered (through glass or mesh). The bulbs used should emit both UVB and UVA waves.
DIET
Feed your anole a diet of small crickets and mealworms every day.
Crickets should be dusted every feeding with a calcium and D3 supplement like RepCal Calcium and D3 or SFT Miner-All "I". Place the insects in a plastic bag, add a pinch of calcium and shake to coat the insects with the powder.
It is also a good idea to remove crickets after a half hour to prevent them from biting your anole.
NOTES:
Handle your anole as little as possible - it is very stressful on them if handled too much. If your anole bites you, don't jerk your hand - put them it in its enclosure so that it can feel something under their feet and it will release you.
Anoles should not be handled by the tail - it can fall off if the lizard is stressed.
If your anole turns and stays a brown color, it is sick or stressed. Make sure you have the correct temperatures in the enclosure and call a reptile vet.
RECOMMENDED READING
Anole Care http://www.kingsnake.com/anolecare/